antony@notes:~/misc$ cat "How-to-install-Influxdb-on-RedHat-Enterprise-Linux-9.md"
How to install Influxdb on RedHat Enterprise Linux 9
How to install Influxdb on RedHat Enterprise Linux 9
1. 先決條件
- 已安裝好可連線到 Public 網路的 RHEL 9
2. InfluxDB 檔案結構
Engine path
storage engine 的目錄路徑，InfluxDB 在此儲存時間序列資料 (time series data)。它包含以下目錄：
- data：儲存時間結構合併樹 (TSM) 檔案。有關
data目錄結構的更多資訊，請參閱 TSM 目錄和檔案佈局。 - replicationq：儲存 InfluxDB replication service 的複製佇列 (replication queue)。
- wal：儲存預寫日誌 (WAL) 檔案。有關
wal目錄結構的更多資訊，請參閱 WAL 目錄和檔案佈局。
若要自訂此路徑，請使用 engine-path 設定選項。
Bolt path
Boltdb 資料庫的檔案路徑。這是一個 file-based key-value store，用於儲存非時間序列資料，例如 InfluxDB 的使用者、儀表板 (dashboards) 和任務 (tasks)。
若要自訂此路徑，請使用 bolt-path 設定選項。
SQLite path
SQLite 資料庫的檔案路徑。這是一個 SQL 資料庫，用於儲存非時間序列資料，例如 InfluxDB 的筆記本 (notebooks) 和註解 (annotations)。
若要自訂此路徑，請使用 sqlite-path 設定選項。
Configs path
influx CLI 連線設定 (configs) 的檔案路徑。
若要使用自訂路徑，請在使用 influx CLI 命令時傳遞 --configs-path 旗標。
Linux default paths (package)
| Path | Default |
|---|---|
| Engine path | /var/lib/influxdb/engine/ |
| Bolt path | /var/lib/influxdb/influxd.bolt |
| SQLite path | /var/lib/influxdb/influxd.sqlite |
| Configs path | /var/lib/influxdb/configs |
| Default config file path | /etc/influxdb/config.toml |
Linux file system overview (package)
/var/lib/influxdb/
├── engine
│ ├── data #--> TSM directories and files
│ └── replicationq #--> WAL directories and files
├── influxd.bolt
├── influxd.pid
└── influxd.sqlite
/etc/influxdb/
└── config.toml #--> (influxd configuration file)3. 規劃一顆硬碟給 Influxdb 用
# 1. 在 VM 新增一顆硬碟專門給 Influxdb 使用
# 2. 檢查新的硬碟名稱
$ lsblk
...
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
# 3. 將硬碟名稱設為變數
$ D="/dev/sdb"
# 4. 使用 parted 建立 GPT 分割區，從 1 MiB 到磁碟尾，並標記為 LVM 用途
$ sudo parted -s ${D} mklabel gpt
$ sudo parted -s ${D} unit MiB mkpart primary 1 100%
# 5. 將剛建立的分割區初始化為 LVM PV
$ sudo pvcreate ${D}1
# 6. 建立名為 vg-Influxdb 的 VG
$ sudo vgcreate vg-Influxdb ${D}1
# 7. 從 VG 中建立一 LV，利用全部剩餘空間並命名為 lv-Influxdb
$ sudo lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n lv-Influxdb /dev/vg-Influxdb
# 8. 格式化 LV 為 XFS 檔案系統，以提供穩健且高效的儲存
$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/vg-Influxdb/lv-Influxdb
# 9. 將目錄設為開機自動掛載 lv 裝置上
$ echo '/dev/vg-Influxdb/lv-Influxdb /var/lib/influxdb xfs defaults 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
# 10. 建立目錄
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/influxdb
# 11. 將目錄掛載到 lv 裝置上
$ sudo mount -a && sudo systemctl daemon-reload4. Install InfluxDB as a service with systemd
Add the InfluxData key to verify downloads
curl --silent --location -O https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive.key gpg --show-keys --with-fingerprint --with-colons ./influxdata-archive.key 2>&1 \ | grep -q '^fpr:\+9D539D90D3328DC7D6C8D3B9D8FF8E1F7DF8B07E:$' \ && cat influxdata-archive.key \ | gpg --dearmor \ | sudo tee /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-influxdata > /dev/nullAdd the InfluxData repository to the repository list.
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/influxdata.repo [influxdata] name = InfluxData Repository - Stable baseurl = https://repos.influxdata.com/stable/\${basearch}/main enabled = 1 gpgcheck = 1 gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-influxdata EOF安裝 influxdb
sudo yum install influxdb2執行結果：
Updating Subscription Management repositories. InfluxData Repository - Stable 374 kB/s | 631 kB 00:01 Dependencies resolved. ====================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================== Installing: influxdb2 x86_64 2.7.12-1 influxdata 47 M Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 47 M Installed size: 115 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: influxdb2-2.7.12-1.x86_64.rpm 5.9 MB/s | 47 MB 00:08 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 5.9 MB/s | 47 MB 00:08 InfluxData Repository - Stable 2.7 MB/s | 2.8 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x9FC2F927: Userid : "InfluxData Package Signing Key <support@influxdata.com>" Fingerprint: 24C9 75CB A61A 024E E1B6 3178 7C3D 5715 9FC2 F927 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-influxdata Is this ok [y/N]: y Key imported successfully Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Running scriptlet: influxdb2-2.7.12-1.x86_64 1/1 Installing : influxdb2-2.7.12-1.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: influxdb2-2.7.12-1.x86_64 1/1 Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/influxd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/influxdb.service. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/influxdb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/influxdb.service. Verifying : influxdb2-2.7.12-1.x86_64 1/1 Installed products updated. Installed: influxdb2-2.7.12-1.x86_64 Complete!
5. 啟動並初始化 Influxdb
啟動 Influxdb 服務並設為開機自動啟動
sudo systemctl enable --now influxdb檢視 Influxdb 服務啟動狀態
sudo systemctl status influxdb.service執行結果：
● influxdb.service - InfluxDB is an open-source, distributed, time series database Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/influxdb.service; enabled; preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-11-03 11:36:43 CST; 5min ago Docs: https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/ Process: 5474 ExecStart=/usr/lib/influxdb/scripts/influxd-systemd-start.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 5475 (influxd) Tasks: 9 (limit: 48880) Memory: 59.2M CPU: 253ms CGroup: /system.slice/influxdb.service └─5475 /usr/bin/influxd Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com influxd-systemd-start.sh[5475]: ts=2025-11-03T03:36:43.499145Z lvl=info msg="Starting retention policy enforcement service" log_id=0zyxT2tl000 service=retention check_interval=30m Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com influxd-systemd-start.sh[5475]: ts=2025-11-03T03:36:43.499149Z lvl=info msg="Starting precreation service" log_id=0zyxT2tl000 service=shard-precreation check_interval=10m advance_period=30m Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com influxd-systemd-start.sh[5475]: ts=2025-11-03T03:36:43.499456Z lvl=info msg="Starting query controller" log_id=0zyxT2tl000 service=storage-reads concurrency_quota=1024 initial_memory_bytes_quota_per_query=9223372036854775807 memory_bytes_quota_per_query=9223372036854775807 max_memory_bytes=0 queue_size=1024 Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com influxd-systemd-start.sh[5475]: ts=2025-11-03T03:36:43.500102Z lvl=info msg="Configuring InfluxQL statement executor (zeros indicate unlimited)." log_id=0zyxT2tl000 max_select_point=0 max_select_series=0 max_select_buckets=0 Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com influxd-systemd-start.sh[5494]: Command "print-config" is deprecated, use theinflux-cli command server-config to display the configuration values from the running server Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com influxd-systemd-start.sh[5475]: ts=2025-11-03T03:36:43.506157Z lvl=info msg=Starting log_id=0zyxT2tl000 service=telemetry interval=8h Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com influxd-systemd-start.sh[5475]: ts=2025-11-03T03:36:43.506184Z lvl=info msg=Listening log_id=0zyxT2tl000 service=tcp-listener transport=http addr=:8086 port=8086 Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com influxd-systemd-start.sh[5507]: Command "print-config" is deprecated, use theinflux-cli command server-config to display the configuration values from the running server Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com influxd-systemd-start.sh[5474]: InfluxDB started Nov 03 11:36:43 influxdb.kubeantony.com systemd[1]: Started InfluxDB is an open-source, distributed, time series database.下載 Influx CLI 套件，並解壓縮執行檔至
/usr/local/bin底下wget https://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/releases/influxdb2-client-2.7.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz sudo tar -xzf influxdb2-client-2.7.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz \ -C /usr/local/bin \ --strip-components=1 \ ./influx rm influxdb2-client-2.7.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz透過 Influx CLI 初始化 InfluxDB
influx setup \ --host http://influxdb.kubeantony.com:8086 \ --username bigred \ --password bigred123 \ --org taroko \ --bucket default \ --force執行結果：
User Organization Bucket bigred taroko default透過
influx auth create命令來建立一個擁有所也權限的 tokeninflux auth create \ --all-access \ --host http://influxdb.kubeantony.com:8086 \ --org taroko \ --token=$(influx auth list --json | jq -r '.[].token')執行結果：
ID Description Token User Name User ID Permissions 0fbe12e7d9695000 hZgKmE_GBl9Kw0I0dSzQGGdC7Eub1JVq0peNCwanoAk_dYcCwZvh_Kb1Vte0e4-G2rJGO9k4eEtAEOQJaq4SuQ== bigred 0fbe12de55e95000 [read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/authorizations write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/authorizations read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/buckets write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/buckets read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/dashboards write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/dashboards read:/orgs/3013331d26241ede read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/sources write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/sources read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/tasks write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/tasks read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/telegrafs write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/telegrafs read:/users/0fbe12de55e95000 write:/users/0fbe12de55e95000 read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/variables write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/variables read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/scrapers write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/scrapers read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/secrets write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/secrets read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/labels write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/labels read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/views write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/views read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/documents write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/documents read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/notificationRules write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/notificationRules read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/notificationEndpoints write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/notificationEndpoints read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/checks write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/checks read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/dbrp write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/dbrp read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/notebooks write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/notebooks read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/annotations write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/annotations read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/remotes write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/remotes read:orgs/3013331d26241ede/replications write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/replications]設定 CLI 連線設定
influx config create \ --config-name myinfluxdb \ --host-url http://influxdb.kubeantony.com:8086 \ --org taroko \ --token=$(influx auth list --json | jq -r '.[1].token')分別建立多個 bucket
influx bucket create --name linux influx bucket create --name windows influx bucket create --name solaris influx bucket create --name aix幫以上這些 buckets 建立擁有可寫權限的 token
influx auth create \ --description "Write token for linux, windows, aix AND solaris buckets" \ --write-bucket $(influx bucket list --name linux --json | jq -r '.[0].id') \ --write-bucket $(influx bucket list --name windows --json | jq -r '.[0].id') \ --write-bucket $(influx bucket list --name aix --json | jq -r '.[0].id') \ --write-bucket $(influx bucket list --name solaris --json | jq -r '.[0].id')執行結果：
ID Description Token User Name User ID Permissions 0fbe16da13a95000 Write token for linux, windows, aix AND solaris buckets YNaFEzTRGd5MnzDerSDRvThgB854WtcmzVTF0x4fzzkYmTpQWtpQYmz3jrMkuEYhLM-oRjrsYev3fHCLpma6Xw== bigred 0fbe12de55e95000[write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/buckets/65e7b5deacab7d4d write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/buckets/229921a56017d92d write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/buckets/ed048508752dc904 write:orgs/3013331d26241ede/buckets/92ddb41e878a8bec]使用以上 token 透過 curl 指令往 buckets 寫入資料做測試
curl --request POST \ "http://influxdb.kubeantony.com:8086/api/v2/write?org=taroko&bucket=windows&precision=ns" \ --header "Authorization: Token $(influx auth list --id 0fbe16da13a95000 --json | jq -r '.token')" \ --header "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8" \ --header "Accept: application/json" \ --data-binary ' airSensors,sensor_id=TLM0201 temperature=73.97038159354763,humidity=35.23103248356096,co=0.48445310567793615 airSensors,sensor_id=TLM0202 temperature=75.30007505999716,humidity=35.651929918691714,co=0.5141876544505826 '確認有成功寫入
influx query 'from(bucket: "windows") |> range(start: -1m) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == "airSensors")'執行結果：
Result: _result Table: keys: [_start, _stop, _field, _measurement, sensor_id] _start:time _stop:time _field:string _measurement:string sensor_id:string _time:time _value:float ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 2025-11-03T06:37:18.367026238Z 2025-11-03T06:38:18.367026238Z co airSensors TLM0201 2025-11-03T06:38:10.405809063Z 0.48445310567793615 Table: keys: [_start, _stop, _field, _measurement, sensor_id] _start:time _stop:time _field:string _measurement:string sensor_id:string _time:time _value:float ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 2025-11-03T06:37:18.367026238Z 2025-11-03T06:38:18.367026238Z humidity airSensors TLM0201 2025-11-03T06:38:10.405809063Z 35.23103248356096 Table: keys: [_start, _stop, _field, _measurement, sensor_id] _start:time _stop:time _field:string _measurement:string sensor_id:string _time:time _value:float ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 2025-11-03T06:37:18.367026238Z 2025-11-03T06:38:18.367026238Z temperature airSensors TLM0201 2025-11-03T06:38:10.405809063Z 73.97038159354763 Table: keys: [_start, _stop, _field, _measurement, sensor_id] _start:time _stop:time _field:string _measurement:string sensor_id:string _time:time _value:float ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 2025-11-03T06:37:18.367026238Z 2025-11-03T06:38:18.367026238Z co airSensors TLM0202 2025-11-03T06:38:10.405809063Z 0.5141876544505826 Table: keys: [_start, _stop, _field, _measurement, sensor_id] _start:time _stop:time _field:string _measurement:string sensor_id:string _time:time _value:float ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 2025-11-03T06:37:18.367026238Z 2025-11-03T06:38:18.367026238Z humidity airSensors TLM0202 2025-11-03T06:38:10.405809063Z 35.651929918691714 Table: keys: [_start, _stop, _field, _measurement, sensor_id] _start:time _stop:time _field:string _measurement:string sensor_id:string _time:time _value:float ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------- 2025-11-03T06:37:18.367026238Z 2025-11-03T06:38:18.367026238Z temperature airSensors TLM0202 2025-11-03T06:38:10.405809063Z 75.30007505999716清除測試資料
influx delete \ --org taroko \ --bucket windows \ --start 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z \ --stop 2030-01-01T00:00:00Z \ --predicate '_measurement="airSensors"'確認是否清除成功
influx query 'from(bucket: "windows") |> range(start: -1m) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == "airSensors")'執行結果：
應該要看到沒有任何螢幕輸出